Pump
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Pump - A mechanical device, usually powered by an electric motor, which causes hydraulic flow and pressure for the purpose of filtration, heating and circulation of pool and spa water. Typically, a centrifugal pump design is used for pools and spas.
This pump from Speck Pumps is a typical modern design.
This cutaway reveals the main components of a pump.The largest and heaviest part of a pump is the motor. Water flowing from the pool's main drain or skimmer enters the pump through the intake port. It then flows into the impeller, a ribbed metal disk which is contained in a chamber called the volute. The water's centrifugal action in the impeller forces it into the strainer pot, where large detritus (such as leaves) is filtered out. At the top of the strainer pot is a clear plastic lid, which allows easy visual and manual access to the pot. A rubber O-ring keeps the lid's seal watertight. Water exits the pump through the discharge port, to return to the pool's plumbing.
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Mechanism
Pool and spa pumps are centrifugal pumps, which keep water moving by spinning a central chamber, known as an impeller. As the impeller spins, water shoots to its edges, which creates a vacuum that draws more water into the pump. Pool pumps are also self-priming, which means they expel any air inside them as soon as they start up, creating a vacuum that sucks water into the pump.
Construction
For most of the early 20th century, pool pumps were made of brass, and many of these pumps are still in use today. However, modern pumps are usually made from plastic and steel.
Pump Efficiency
With regards to efficiency and speed settings, pumps are available in four general categories:
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